/** * Doubly-linked list implementation of the {@code List} and {@code Deque} * interfaces. Implements all optional list operations, and permits all * elements (including {@code null}). * * <p>All of the operations perform as could be expected for a doubly-linked * list. Operations that index into the list will traverse the list from * the beginning or the end, whichever is closer to the specified index. * * <p><strong>Note that this implementation is not synchronized.</strong> * If multiple threads access a linked list concurrently, and at least * one of the threads modifies the list structurally, it <i>must</i> be * synchronized externally. (A structural modification is any operation * that adds or deletes one or more elements; merely setting the value of * an element is not a structural modification.) This is typically * accomplished by synchronizing on some object that naturally * encapsulates the list. * * If no such object exists, the list should be "wrapped" using the * {@link Collections#synchronizedList Collections.synchronizedList} * method. This is best done at creation time, to prevent accidental * unsynchronized access to the list:<pre> * List list = Collections.synchronizedList(new LinkedList(...));</pre> * * <p>The iterators returned by this class's {@code iterator} and * {@code listIterator} methods are <i>fail-fast</i>: if the list is * structurally modified at any time after the iterator is created, in * any way except through the Iterator's own {@code remove} or * {@code add} methods, the iterator will throw a {@link * ConcurrentModificationException}. Thus, in the face of concurrent * modification, the iterator fails quickly and cleanly, rather than * risking arbitrary, non-deterministic behavior at an undetermined * time in the future. * * <p>Note that the fail-fast behavior of an iterator cannot be guaranteed * as it is, generally speaking, impossible to make any hard guarantees in the * presence of unsynchronized concurrent modification. Fail-fast iterators * throw {@code ConcurrentModificationException} on a best-effort basis. * Therefore, it would be wrong to write a program that depended on this * exception for its correctness: <i>the fail-fast behavior of iterators * should be used only to detect bugs.</i>
if (index < (size >> 1)) { Node<E> x = first; for (int i = 0; i < index; i++) x = x.next; return x; } else { Node<E> x = last; for (int i = size - 1; i > index; i--) x = x.prev; return x; } }